STEM专业为科学、技术、工程和数学专业的统称，这些专业可以获得最多29个月的OPT时间。但究竟哪些专业算是STEM专业呢?今天了解一下422个STEM专业。

　　STEM到底是个啥?

　　STEM是科学(Science)、技术(Technology)、工程(Engineering)、数学(Mathematics)类学科的统称。在STEM领域内获得学位的人数是在进行国家实力比较中的一项重要指标。在美国移民与海关执法局公布的STEM列表里，一共有422个专业被列在了STEM专业的范畴里，而且这个表格还在持续更新中，并不是只有理工科的专业才能被算作STEM，一些金融相关的专业，比如金融工程、金融数学，还有商学院里的一些专业，比如供应链管理和商业分析，这都也被更新到了STEM的专业列表里。

　　STEM 专业有什么福利?

　　OPT(全称Optional Practical Training，专业实习)计划是美国针对国际留学生颁布的一项政策，目前，STEM专业学生的OPT时间被延长了很多。普通专业的毕业生有12个月的OPT时间，但是根据最新的政策，STEM专业的毕业生一共有36个月的OPT时间，是普通毕业生OPT时间的三倍。

　　OPT是在正式拿到工作签证前的一个在美国工作的临时身份。如果应届毕业生在毕业以后如果找到了一份工作，可以在没有拿到H1B签证的情况下以OPT的身份正常工作12个月，学生可以在这OPT有效期内抽取H1B，如果抽到了H1B并且通过了面签，那就可以继续以合法的身份留在美国工作。但是问题是H1B的抽取并不是很容易，举个例子，今年有20余万人参与H1B的抽签，但是只有8.5万人能够抽到H1B，剩下的11.5万人是注定了没有机会拿到H1B的。如果是普通专业的学生没有在第一年里抽到H1B，那他就必须在OPT失效以后离开美国，或者读取更高的学历继续以学生身份留在美国;但是如果是STEM的学生没有在第一年里抽到H1B，那没关系，他还有两年的时间继续保持现有的工作留在美国，并且在这两年内得到两次抽取H1B签证的额外机会。

　　美国就业市场中，理工科类工作需求是其它工作需求的1.7倍，而美国就业者中理工科人才数量不足，不能填满这些职位空缺。据美国教育部的统计，现在只有16%的高中生对理工科专业感兴趣。

　　所以美国需要大量的STEM人才，这也是在美国的留学生拿绿卡的主要途径： 学STEM专业，申请OPT，申请工作签证，然后申请绿卡。

　　以下是全部422个STEM专业列表(以开头字母顺序排列)

　　A:

　　Acoustics

　　Actuarial Science

　　Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Aeronautics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General

　　Aerospace Ground Equipment Technology

　　Aerospace Physiology and Medicine

　　Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering

　　Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding

　　Agricultural Animal Breeding

　　Agricultural Engineering

　　AgroEcology and Sustainable Agriculture

　　Agronomy and Crop Science

　　Air and Space Operational Art and Science

　　Air and Space Operations Technology

　　Air Science/Airpower Studies

　　Aircraft Armament Systems Technology

　　Algebra and Number Theory

　　Analysis and Functional Analysis

　　Analytical Chemistry

　　Anatomy

　　Animal Behavior and Ethology

　　Animal Genetics

　　Animal Health

　　Animal Nutrition

　　Animal Physiology

　　Animal Sciences, General

　　Animal Sciences, Other

　　AniMATion, InterACTive Technology, Video GrAPhics and SpeCIAl Effects

　　Applied Mathematics, General

　　Applied Mathematics, Other

　　Aquatic Biology/Limnology

　　Archeology

　　Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology

　　Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD

　　Architectural Engineering

　　Architectural Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　ArtifiCIAl Intelligence

　　Astronomy

　　Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other

　　Astrophysics

　　Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology

　　Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics

　　Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General

　　Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other

　　Atomic/Molecular Physics

　　AutoMATion Engineer Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Automotive Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn[SITESERVER_PAGE]

　　B:

　　Behavioral Sciences

　　BioChemical Engineering

　　Biochemistry

　　Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

　　Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other

　　Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering

　　BioinforMATics

　　Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other

　　Biological and Physical Sciences

　　BioLogical/BioSystems Engineering

　　Biology TechniCIAn/Biotechnology Laboratory TechniCIAn

　　Biology/Biological Sciences, General

　　BioMathematics, BioinforMATics, and Computational Biology, Other

　　Biomedical Sciences, General

　　Biomedical Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Biometry/Biometrics

　　Biophysics

　　BioPsychology

　　BioStatistics

　　Biotechnology

　　Botany/Plant Biology

　　Botany/Plant Biology, Other

　　Business Statistics

　　C:

　　CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Cardiovascular Science

　　Cell Biology and Anatomy

　　Cell Physiology

　　Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology

　　Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other

　　Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology

　　Ceramic Sciences and Engineering

　　Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

　　Chemical Engineering

　　Chemical Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Chemical Engineering, Other

　　Chemical Physics

　　Chemical Process Technology

　　Chemical Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Chemistry, General

　　Chemistry, Other

　　Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD

　　Civil Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Civil Engineering, General

　　Civil Engineering, Other

　　Clinical and Industrial Drug Development

　　Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist

　　Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics

　　Cognitive Science

　　Combat Systems Engineering

　　Comparative Psychology

　　Computational and Applied Mathematics

　　Computational Biology

　　Computational Mathematics

　　Computational Science

　　Computer and Information Sciences, General

　　Computer and Information Sciences, Other

　　Computer and InforMATion Systems Security/InforMATion Assurance

　　Computer Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Computer Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Computer Engineering, General

　　Computer Engineering, Other

　　Computer Graphics

　　Computer Hardware Engineering

　　Computer Hardware Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Computer Programming, Other

　　Computer Programming, Specific APplications

　　Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification

　　Computer Programming/Programmer, General

　　Computer Science

　　Computer Software and Media APplications, Other

　　Computer Software Engineering

　　Computer Software Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Computer Support SpeCIAlist

　　Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst

　　Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications

　　Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology

　　Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, Other

　　Condensed Matter and MATerials Physics

　　Conservation Biology

　　Construction Engineering

　　Construction Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism

　　Cyber/Electronic Operations and Warfare

　　Cytotechnology/Cytotechnologist

　　D:

　　Dairy Science

　　DATa Modeling/Warehousing and DATabase Administration

　　DATa Processing and DATa Processing Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Developmental and Child Psychology

　　Developmental Biology and Embryology

　　Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia

　　Directed Energy Systems

　　Drafting and Design Technology/TechniCIAn, General

　　Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　E:

　　Ecology

　　Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

　　Ecology, Evolution, SysteMATics and Population Biology, Other

　　Econometrics and Quantitative Economics

　　Educational Evaluation and Research

　　Educational Statistics and Research Methods

　　Educational/Instructional Technology

　　Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Electrical and Electronics Engineering

　　Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other

　　Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/CADD

　　Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Electromechanical Engineering

　　Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology

　　Elementary Particle Physics

　　Endocrinology

　　Energy Management and Systems Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Engineering Acoustics

　　Engineering Chemistry

　　Engineering Design

　　Engineering Mechanics

　　Engineering Physics/Applied Physics

　　Engineering Science

　　Engineering Technologies and Engineering-Related Fields, Other

　　Engineering Technology, General

　　Engineering, General

　　Engineering, Other

　　Engineering/Industrial Management

　　Engineering-Related Fields, Other

　　Engineering-Related Technologies, Other

　　Entomology

　　Environmental Biology

　　Environmental Chemistry

　　Environmental Control Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology

　　Environmental Health

　　Environmental Science

　　Environmental Studies

　　Environmental Toxicology

　　Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering

　　Epidemiology

　　Evolutionary Biology

　　Exercise Physiology

　　Experimental Psychology

　　Explosive Ordinance/Bomb Disposal

　　F:

　　Financial Mathematics

　　Food Science

　　Food Science and Technology, Other

　　Food Technology and Processing

　　Forensic Chemistry

　　Forensic Science and Technology

　　ForestEngineering

　　ForestSciences and Biology

　　G:

　　Genetics, General

　　Genetics, Other

　　Genome Sciences/Genomics

　　Geochemistry

　　Geochemistry and Petrology

　　GeogrAPhic InforMATion Science and Cartography

　　GeoLogical and EArth Sciences/Geosciences, Other

　　Geological/Geophysical Engineering

　　Geology/Earth Science, General

　　Geometry/Geometric Analysis

　　GeoPhysics and Seismology

　　Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering

　　H：

　　Hazardous MATerials InforMATion Systems Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Hazardous MATerials Management and Waste Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Health/Medical Physics

　　Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Horticultural Science

　　Human Biology

　　Human Computer InterACTion

　　Human/Medical Genetics

　　Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Hydrology and Water Resources Science

　　I:

　　Immunology

　　Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Cosmetic Sciences

　　Industrial Engineering

　　Industrial Production Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Industrial Radiologic Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Industrial Safety Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Industrial Technology/TechniCIAn

　　InforMATics

　　InforMATion Operations/Joint InforMATion Operations

　　Information Science/Studies

　　Information Technology

　　Information Technology Project Management

　　InforMATion/PsychoLogical Warfare and Military Media Relations

　　Inorganic Chemistry

　　Instrumentation Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Integrated Circuit Design

　　Intelligence, Command Control and InforMATion Operations, Other

　　Intelligence, General

　　J:

　　Joint Command/Task Force (C, CI) Systems

　　L:

　　Laser and Optical Engineering

　　Laser and Optical Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Livestock Management

　　Low-Observables and Stealth Technology

　　M:

　　Management Science

　　Management Science and Quantitative Methods, Other

　　Manufacturing Engineering

　　Manufacturing Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Marine Biology and BioLogical OceanogrAPhy

　　Marine Sciences

　　MATerials Chemistry

　　Materials Engineering

　　Materials Science

　　Materials Sciences, Other

　　MATheMATical Biology

　　Mathematical Statistics and Probability

　　Mathematics and Computer Science

　　Mathematics and Statistics

　　Mathematics and Statistics, Other

　　Mathematics, General

　　Mathematics, Other

　　Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD

　　Mechanical Engineering

　　Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Mechatronics, Robotics, and AutoMATion Engineering

　　Medical Informatics

　　Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology

　　Medical Scientist

　　Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

　　Metallurgical Engineering

　　Metallurgical Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Meteorology

　　Microbial and Eukaryotic Genetics

　　MicrobioLogical Sciences and Immunology, Other

　　Microbiology and Immunology

　　Microbiology, General

　　Military Applied Sciences, Other

　　Military InforMATion Systems Technology

　　Military Systems and Maintenance Technology, Other

　　Military Technologies and Applied Sciences, Other

　　Mining and Mineral Engineering

　　Mining and Petroleum Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Mining Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Missile and Space Systems Technology

　　Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation

　　Molecular Biochemistry

　　Molecular Biology

　　Molecular Biophysics

　　Molecular Genetics

　　Molecular Medicine

　　Molecular Pharmacology

　　Molecular Physiology

　　Molecular Toxicology

　　Munitions Systems/Ordinance Technology

　　Mycology[SITESERVER_PAGE]

　　N:

　　Nanotechnology

　　Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy

　　Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other

　　Natural Resources/Conservation, General

　　Natural Sciences

　　Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

　　Naval Science and Operational Studies

　　Network and System Administration/Administrator

　　Neuroanatomy

　　Neurobiology and Anatomy

　　Neurobiology and Behavior

　　Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other

　　NeuroPharmacology

　　Neuroscience

　　Nuclear and Industrial RadioLogic Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Nuclear Engineering

　　Nuclear Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Nuclear Physics

　　Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Nutrition Sciences

　　O:

　　Occupational Safety and Health Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Ocean Engineering

　　OceanogrAPhy, Chemical and Physical

　　Oncology and Cancer Biology

　　Operational OceanogrAPhy

　　Operations Research

　　Optics/Optical Sciences

　　Organic Chemistry

　　P:

　　PackAging Science

　　Paleontology

　　PAPer Science and Engineering

　　Parasitology

　　Pathology/Experimental Pathology

　　Personality Psychology

　　Petroleum Engineering

　　Petroleum Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Pharmaceutical Sciences

　　Pharmaceutics and Drug Design

　　PharmacoEconomics/Pharmaceutical Economics

　　Pharmacology

　　Pharmacology and Toxicology

　　Pharmacology and Toxicology, Other

　　Photobiology

　　Physical Chemistry

　　Physical Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Physical Sciences

　　Physical Sciences, Other

　　Physics, General

　　Physics, Other

　　Physiological Psychology/Psychobiology

　　Physiology, General

　　Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other

　　Planetary Astronomy and Science

　　Plant Genetics

　　Plant Molecular Biology

　　Plant Pathology/Phytopathology

　　Plant Physiology

　　Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management

　　Plant Sciences, General

　　Plant Sciences, Other

　　Plasma and High-Temperature Physics

　　Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Polymer Chemistry

　　Polymer/Plastics Engineering

　　Population Biology

　　Poultry Science

　　Pre-Engineering

　　Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology

　　PsychoPharmacology

　　Q:

　　Quality Control and Safety Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Quality Control Technology/TechniCIAn

　　R:

　　Radar Communications and Systems Technology

　　Radiation Biology/Radiobiology

　　Range Science and Management

　　Reproductive Biology

　　Research and Experimental Psychology, Other

　　Robotics Technology/TechniCIAn

　　S:

　　Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, General

　　Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other

　　Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology

　　Signal/Geospatial Intelligence

　　Social Psychology

　　Soil Chemistry and Physics

　　Soil Microbiology

　　Soil Science and Agronomy, General

　　Soil Sciences, Other

　　Solar Energy Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Space Systems Operations

　　Statistics, General

　　Statistics, Other

　　Strategic Intelligence

　　Structural Biology

　　Structural Engineering

　　Surveying Engineering

　　Surveying Technology/Surveying

　　Sustainability Studies

　　System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager

　　SysteMATic Biology/BioLogical SysteMATics

　　Systems Engineering

　　Systems Science and Theory

　　T:

　　TeleCommunications Engineering

　　Telecommunications Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Textile Sciences and Engineering

　　Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

　　Theoretical Chemistry

　　Topology and FounDATions

　　Toxicology

　　Transportation and Highway Engineering

　　U:

　　Undersea Warfare

　　Urban Forestry

　　V:

　　Veterinary Anatomy

　　Veterinary Infectious Diseases

　　Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology

　　Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology

　　Veterinary Physiology

　　Veterinary Preventive medicine Epidemiology and Public Health

　　Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology

　　Virology

　　Vision Science/PhysioLogical Optics

　　W:

　　Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Water Resources Engineering

　　Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management

　　Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and InforMATion Resources Design

　　Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster

　　Welding Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn

　　Wildlife Biology

　　Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management

　　Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and PAPer Technology

　　Z:

　　Zoology/Animal Biology

　　Zoology/Animal Biology, Other

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